Constructing a Lithium Hydroxide Canister
Adapter
94:17 GET / 11:30 AM CST / April 15, 1970
CapCom: "How you doing
there Aquarius?"
Lovell: "We're going
good, Jack."
CapCom: "Okay.
Sometime when you get two guys available there and you could
construct one of these lithium hydroxide rigs, we'd like to have you
get the materials together and we'll go through the steps
together."
Lovell: "Okay sounds
good and how do you read me now?"
CapCom: "Well there's
a lot of background noise and sometimes its worst then others and
right now I hear you better then I have in the past."
Lovell: "Okay Jack
I'm kind of curious about our perturbations of the PTC attitude is
changing I noticed that we are getting off attitude, I'm just kind
of curious how far we can let this go?"
CapCom: "We were
tracking the attitudes with Fred earlier and it looked like what we
were doing was oscillating about some point, but coming back. Are
you detecting some kind of a divergence now?"
Lovell: "Not too
much. I noticed that it was different then when I went to sleep.
We're more on a angle now with the terminator of the Earth. So (garbled)
just about parallel with the terminator and now we're canted off so
much. I haven't seen any trends as though of going back and
forth."
[Direct sunlight, with its large infrared
component, heats one side of the spacecraft. Meanwhile, deep space
chills the other side as energy is radiated away at infrared
wavelengths. One of the difficulties the spacecraft designers were
having with the heatshield material around the Command Module was
trying to make it withstand extreme cold as well as heat. It would
take thirteen hours for the heatshield to cool to the point where
it began to crack and flake. Thus by simply changing the
spacecraft's attitude by rotating it slowly in the sunlight kept
the spacecraft from becoming too cold and insured uniform surface
heating. The maneuver which resulted was the Passive Thermal
Control (PTC), dubbed by many the 'barbecue' mode. This mode was
used during crew rest periods and at other times in translunar and
transearth coast when a stable attitude is not required.]
Lovell: "Houston,
Aquarius."
CapCom: "Aquarius,
Houston. Go ahead."
Lovell: "Okay, Jack
is up with me now, and you all have the procedure for making these
lithium hydroxide devices and as soon as he gets on his helmet he'll
be ready copy and he'll get started making one."
CapCom: "Roger that,
Jim... uh..."
Lovell: "(garbled)"
CapCom: "Go
head."
Lovell: "I'll, I'll
give Jack the headset for awhile and let him copy down the
instructions."
CapCom: "Okay, Jim I
didn't copy your second thought, over."
Lovell: "I'll give
Jack the headset and let him copy the instructions."
CapCom: "Okay, Jim.
The way I thought it might be best to do it would be to have you
gather the equipment and let us talk you through the procedure while
you do it. Maybe you can give Jack the headset and get the equipment
together and talk you through the procedure, I think it will be a
little easier to do that way, then if you tried to copy it all down
then go do it."
Lovell: "Okay do you
have the equipment listed, I'll just get it and give it to him while
he's setting up."
CapCom: "Okay. I
think the equipment you'll need will be: two command module lithium
hydroxide canisters, a roll of the gray tape, the two LCGs, because
we're going to use the bags from the LCGs, and one, one LM cue card,
one of the cardboard cue cards which you will cut off about and inch
and a half out from the rings. I think that's all we need,
over."
[When the pressure suits are not being used, a
valve allows cabin air to enter the ECS (Environmental Control
System) circuit where it will be cleansed of particles, cooled,
dried and scrubbed of exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2) and odors. The
filter canisters contain granules of lithium hydroxide (chemical
formula - LiOH) to absorb CO2, and activated charcoal to remove
odors. - The Apollo 13 emergency highlighted the incompatibility
between the square canisters used in the CM, and the round ones
used in the LM. It also demonstrated that having the LM's spare
canisters outside the cabin was unfortunate. The lithium hydroxide
(LiOH) cartridges would have become ineffective due to saturation
at about 100 hours.]
CapCom: "Okay, right.
Okay, I'm ready to start into the procedure. When you answer me back
speak up, speak up into the microphone because our downlink is
pretty noisy. The first thing we want you to do, and we'll do this
on one canister and then let you go ahead and repeat it on the
second. So take one of the LCGs and cut off the outer bag by cutting
along one of the heat seals. Do it carefully and close to the heat
seal because we may have to use the outer bag if we damage the inner
bag. So go ahead and do that and then we'll do the next step."
Swigert: "Okay, take
an LCG cut the outer bag by the heat seal, be careful not to damage
the inner bag, right?"
CapCom: "Right. Just
cut along one side."
Swigert: "Okay,
Houston, Odyssey or (correcting himself) Aquarius I've done
that."
CapCom: "Okay, Jack,
now, now remove the inner bag from the outer bag and cut the inner
bag also along one of the heat seals down one side."
Swigert: "Okay.
Remove the inner bag from the outer bag and cut the inner bag along
the heat seal along one side."
CapCom: "Okay. That's
correct."
Swigert: "Okay Joe,
we've got that done."
CapCom: "Okay Jack,
now you can put the LCG itself, that is take it out of the inner
bag, put it in the outer bag and stow it someplace, we recommend A1,
of course you can stow it wherever its convenient."
Swigert: "Okay Joe,
we done that."
CapCom: "Okay. Now
pick up one of the lithium hydroxide canisters and let me describe
which end is which. It's approximately square, on one, one of the
vented flat ends has the strap and that end we call the top the end
opposite we call the bottom is that clear? over."
Swigert:
"Right."
CapCom: "Okay. Now
then we're, we want you to take the tape and cut out two pieces
about three feet long or a good arms length and what we're, what we
want you to do with them is to make two belts around the sides of
the canister one belt near the top and one belt near the bottom with
the sticky side out, wrap it around sticky side out as tight as
possible, it'll probably take both of you to get it nice and snug,
over."
Swigert: "Okay
Joe."
CapCom: "Okay Jack...(interrupted)"
Swigert: "Houston are
you reading the Aquarius?"
CapCom: "Jack...(interrupted)"
Swigert: "Okay. I got
the two belts around the top and one around the bottom all
done."
CapCom: "Okay, fine.
The next step now is to anchor that tape and the way we want you to
do that is to cut about a two foot length off the roll and then tear
it lengthwise, so that you have two strips about two feet long and
about a halt an inch wide. And you'll wrap those around the canister
at right angles more or less to the tape that you got, so that it
goes across the top and across the bottom. And when it goes across
the top and the bottom put it so that its outboard of the center
hole and try and get it over one of the ridges between the screen so
that it won't block the flow is that clear? over."
Swigert: "Yea Joe,
very clear."
CapCom: "Okay. Press
on."
Swigert: "(on
board) Okay I got to cut two foot here and tear lengthwise from
that and go around right here on this ridge all the way around,
right angle... (garbled) ...yea. (on air-to-ground)
Hey Joe just to clarify that's sticky side down right? On the tape
that I'm putting on now."
CapCom: "I didn't
quite copy that Jack. Say again."
Swigert: "Okay. That
will be the sticky end down on the container ay?"
CapCom: "Oh, that's
correct. I forget to say that. That's right."
Swigert: "Okay Joe,
Aquarius has got that done."
CapCom: "Okay Jack.
The next step is to get the EVA cue card and use it to form an arch
over the top of the canister just, just tuck one short end under one
ridge on the top the other one against a ridge on the other side so
that it forms a rounded arch over the top of the canister. You see
Jack what we're going to do is slip the bag over this whole assembly
and the cue card will serve to keep the bag from being sucked down
against the screens, over."
Swigert: "Okay I got
the idea."
CapCom: "Okay and
when you've done that, to hold the arch in place just run a strip of
tape across the sides of the, that is across the top of the arch and
anchor it down to the sticky strips along each side."
Swigert: "Okay I got
the idea. Okay let me just repeat it here. Take a cue card, form an
arch over the top sticking it under the sides here when we're
through run a piece of tape along the sides across the top and
anchor it to the other side."
CapCom: "That's
correct."
Swigert: "Okay Joe we
got that arch built and its all taped up securely."
CapCom: "Okay Jack.
The next, the next step is a, to stop up the bypass hole, which is
the hole in the center of the bottom of the canister, we want to
stop that up, because we don't want to bypass the flow, and I forgot
to tell you to get something to stick in that hole we recommend that
you either use a wet wipe or cut off a piece of sock and stuff it in
there or you can probably even crumple up some tape and use that,
over."
Swigert: "Okay we'll
start plugging up the bypass hole."
CapCom: "Okay."
Swigert: "(on
board) We got to plug that hole, we can either, we can put some,
he said, what about a piece of your towel there?"
CapCom: "Sounds
good."
Swigert: "Okay
Houston, Aquarius. We have the bypass hole all plugged up."
CapCom: "Okay
Aquarius the next step is to take the inner LCG bag that you've cut
opened and slip it over the top of the canister when you do that
orient it so that the ears of the bag, that is that corners that
stick out on the closed end are orientated along the open ends of
the arch, because we're going to snip one of these corners and stick
the hose in. Pull it down until it fits snugly over the arch,
over."
Swigert: "Okay Joe.
Put the bag over the canister so that the arch is at the bottom of
the bag and that the ears are along, orientated along the, lets see
I guess it would be at the sides of the arch."
CapCom: "That depends
on what you mean by sides, over the open ends of the arch."
Swigert: "That's
right the open ends of the arch."
CapCom: "Okay."
Swigert: "Okay Joe we
got that done."
CapCom: "Okay, now
press the bag against the sticky belts that we put on the sides of
the canister, if there's any excess material just kind of pleat it
so that it makes a fairly tight seal and then take another three
foot snip, strip of sticky tape and wrap it around the outside of
the bag opposite the bottom, bottom sticky belt to make a nice tight
seal."
Swigert: "Okay. In
work. (pause) Okay Joe we got the canister inside the bag,
the strips around the sides of the bag real tight... (garbled) ."
CapCom: "Okay. Real
fine. Now there's probably a couple of inches of excess bag sticking
out around the bottom of the canister. To prevent this from sucking
in against the bottom screen, we'd like you to trim it off with the
scissors and when you've done that we'd like you to cut two more
strips of tape about twelve inches long or so cut them, tear them
lengthwise to get four pieces twelve inches long and half an inch
wide and then use those four strips to secure the bag by passing the
strips from the sides of the canister outside the bag around the
bottom of the canister and back up the other side and when you do
that, just as you did on the top, make them go outboard of the hole
and in between the screens, over."
Swigert: "Okay. You
want me to trim the excess material that's sticking off here, trim
it at the edge of the canister? Or do you want any excess left
over?"
CapCom: "No. you
don't need to have excess. Just trim it approximately level."
Swigert: "Okay now
Joe you want to cut four strips twelve inches long each and half
inch in diameter place them on the outside of the bag across the
ribs."
CapCom: "That's
correct, Jack. That's just for additional security on the bag. When
you get those done you'll have, you'll have two strips going one way
and the other two will be perpendicular to them."
Swigert: "Okay
Houston, Aquarius. We got the four strips in place."
CapCom: "Okay. We're
in business now with the bag and the next step to perform is to get
ready to put the red suite hose, either the commanders or the LMPs,
because we're going to want you to have both of these made up
eventually, into the top of the, of the bag. And to do that you
first of all have to assure that the red hose is separated from the
blue hose, I don't know whether this has been done already, but if
it hasn't what you have to do is cut the outer beta cloth sheath
down the full length of the hoses and then also cut the rubber ties
that secure the two hoses together and then the hoses should come
apart and the comm cable should come off. Over."
Swigert: "Okay. Take
the, we want to separate the red hose from the blue hose by cutting
their beta clothing and that's in work."
CapCom: "Okay."
Swigert: "Okay.
Houston, Aquarius. I have the LMP's red hose separated from the
others."
CapCom: "Okay. Real
find. Now the next step is to cut a diagonal hole in one ear of the,
of the plastic bag near the arch. You can pick either one and cut
about a one and a half or two inch diagonal hole, big enough to slip
the red hose through and when you done that, you'll just slip the
red hose through so that it goes about to the center of the canister
its not, its not critical, except that the opening should be down
and then tape the bag to the hose where it goes in so that its nice
and snug. Over."
Swigert: "Okay. Copy
that. (pause) (on board) Okay we want to put a one and
a half inch hole right here in this ear and put the hose in here and
down towards the canister and tape the deal around here. (pause)
Okay Houston, Aquarius."
CapCom: "Aquarius,
Houston. Go ahead."
Swigert: "Okay. Our
do it yourself lithium hydroxide canister change is complete. Joe
the only thing different is our arch on this piece of cardboard is
not big enough to position the red hose with the inlet down, where
the inlet is, or the inlet to the red hose is lying on its side, but
I think it will still work."
CapCom: "Okay, Jack.
I concur. I think it will work too. There's one step that I, that I
omitted which you can do now quite, quite conveniently and it's
this: where you stuffed the towel into the bypass hole on the bottom
we recommend that you cut a few short pieces of tape and just tape
that over so that it doesn't fall out. Over."
Swigert: "Okay Joe.
That's done."
CapCom: "Okay Jack.
Now the, the remaining steps are simply suite loop configuration
steps to get this thing into full operation, and our ECS people want
to hold off on that until the canister you're working on gets to
seven point six millimeter of mercury. Which will probably be
another forty-five minutes or an hour, it's at, we're reading four
point seven now. So what we'd like you to do in the interim is to
set up the second command module canister the same way you just did
the first one using the commander's hose..."
Swigert: "(over
CapCom) Okay."
CapCom: "...and get
that all set, probably about that time it will be time to switch
over. For your information when you got that done and you've had
your breakfast and so on the next thing I got for you is a switch
configuration list for the command module which will represent the,
the power down square one starting configuration for all our, our
pre-entry checks. Over."
Swigert: "Okay. Will
do. We'll start setting up the commanders hoses configuration, same
as the LMP's hose and I'll get a set of, I guess you want me to use
my launch switch launch checklist when we start going over... (garbled).
"
CapCom: "That
affirmative, Jack. What we have done is marked up the liftoff
configuration checklist and we'll run through that for you whenever
you get around to it."
Swigert: "Okay. I
assume that we're going to...(garbled)."